Math Problem Solver

Consider the spherical polar coordinates (r,θ,φ)

defined such that.

x=rcos(φ)sin(θ),y=rsin(φ)sin(θ),z=rcos(θ)

The associated scale factors are given by

hr=1,hθ=r,hφ=rsin(θ),

Find the expression of the surface element dS

on the r

coordinate surface

Please give your answer in terms of "theta", "phi" and "r"