13. Which of the following are denials of
(a)(∀x)P(x) ∨ (∀x)∼P(x).
(b)(∀x) ∼P(x) ∨ (Ey)(Ez)(y =
z ∧ P(y) ∧ P(z)).
(c)(∀x)[P(x) ⇒ (Ey)(P(y) ∧ x =
y)].
(d)∼(∀x)(∀y)[(P(x) ∧ P(y)) ⇒ x = y].
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