use the logical equivalences p → q ≡∼p ∨ q and
p ↔ q ≡ (∼p ∨ q) ∧ (∼q ∨ p) to rewrite the given statement
forms without using the symbol → or ↔, and (b) use the logi-
cal equivalence p ∨ q ≡∼(∼p∧ ∼q) to rewrite each statement
form using only ∧ and ∼.
47. p ∧ ∼q → r
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